Mediation und Betriebsratsarbeit
Mediate, support, vertreten und decide - aber rollenklar.
Introduction
The Works Council is much: Interessenvertreter, Beschwerdestelle, Negotiating partner - and sometimes also Intermediary. Straight therefore fits Mediation bzw. mediative Kompetenzen to the Works council work, harbours but also The challenges.
Works council work finds never in one konfliktfreien Room instead of. You aims on it from, Potential for conflict in constructive Structures to überführen, the Employees promote, without them to overtax, and sie zu schützen, without them einzuengen. So arises Room for Beteiligung, Handlungsfähigkeit and Motivation. Here begins the actual Kommunikations– and Vermittlungsarbeit und erzwingt one professional Clarification work. Because Mediation and Works council work are not the same. Überschneidungen kommen zustande, weil kommunikative Vermittlungskompetenzen auch für die Arbeit von Betriebsratspersonen hilfreich sind.
Field of tension: Mediation and Works council work
Betriebsratsmitglieder listen to, clarify Interests, lead Negotiations and take Beschwerden on. You deeskalieren and promote Solutions - Activities, the Mediators also auszeichnen. But the Rollers differentiate itself grundlegend.
The Works Council is by law obliged, Arbeitnehmerinteressen to represent. He has Beteiligungsrechte, Kontrollaufgaben and vertritt often one Page in the Conflict - sometimes is he itself Party. Mediators hingegen act Neutral and impartial. You decide not, but create one Frame, in the Parties to the conflict autonomous Solutions Find. These Neutrality can a Works Council member only true, when it not already in the Conflict involved is.
Mediative Expertise are nevertheless valuable. You improve Sitzungen, Beschwerden and Negotiations - as long as clear remains, that a Works Council member Interessenvertreter remains. Mediation in the formalen Senses erfordert Neutrality, Voluntariness and Personal responsibility. These Prerequisites are not always given.
1. Arena: Konflikte between Arbeitnehmern – The Works Council as Intermediary
Conflicts between Beschäftigten belong to to the Everyday life: Urlaubsplanung, Allocation of tasks, personal Spannungen. The Works Council becomes often early einbezogen, because he approachable is and Trust genießt. The Works Constitution Act (§§ 84, 85 BetrVG) sees these Proximity before. But "Support for", "Mediation" and "Mediation" are not equate.
Three Rollers of the Works Council:
1. Interessenvertreter: The Works Council Supports Employees, prepares Conversations before, checks Regulations and Helps with the Enforcement from Concerns. Neutrality is here not asked.
2. Kommunikationsvermittler: The Works Council Structured Conversations, promotes gegenseitiges Listen and Helps with the Communication. He remains however Interessenvertreter.
3. Mediator: These Role can a Works Council member only take over, when both Pages agree, Neutrality guaranteed is and none Vorbefassung exists. Andernfalls is the Independence endangered.
Confidentiality:
Innerbetriebliche Mediation lives from Discretion. But the Geheimhaltungspflicht of the § 79 BetrVG is none general Schweigepflicht. Confidentiality should therefore schriftlich regulated become.
A external Mediator is ratsam, when Conflicts escalate, personal Proximity Neutrality endangered or serious Reproaches in the Room stand. Mediation may Schutzmaßnahmen not ersetzen, but only supplement.
2. Arena: Konflikte im Betriebsratsgremium – Vermittlung unter Kollegen
A Works council committee is none harmonisches Team, but a Kollegialorgan with different Interests. Conflicts are normal, as long as them the Ability to work not jeopardise. Problematisch becomes it, when personal Disputes the Functionality lähmen: Machtkämpfe, Informationsblockaden or wechselseitige Devaluations can the Co-operation impossible make.
A vertrauenswürdiges Gremiumsmitglied can with überschaubaren Conflicts Moderate: Redezeiten sichern, Themes sortieren, Agreements hold on. Goes it however at Machtfragen, is one external Mediation often the better Choice. You schützt the vermittelnde member before own Verstrickung and creates Credibility.
What Mediation perform can:
External Mediation separates Sachfragen from personal Injuries, klärt Rollers and Expectations and provides the Ability to work again here. You replaced however none Beschlüsse or legal Zuständigkeiten. For larger Committees needs it often a Prozessdesign with Preliminary talks, Co-mediation and Überprüfung the Results.
3. Arena: Konflikte zwischen Betriebsrat und Arbeitgeber – Mediation als Brücke
Works Council and Employer are by law to the Co-operation obliged (§ 74 Abs. 1 BetrVG). The means not Harmony, but Verhandlungsbereitschaft. Mediation Helps, when Distrust, old Injuries or Communication patterns Negotiations block. You creates Room, at Grundsatzfragen to clarify and Absprachen to meet.
Geeignete Anlässe:
Festgefahrene Negotiations, Rollenkonflikte or wiederkehrende Eskalationen. Mediation can under Zeitdruck one sustainable Verhandlungsstruktur create - provided, all entscheidungsbefugten Persons are involved.
Boundaries:
Mediation is ungeeignet, when quick gerichtliche Decisions necessary are, Deadlines preserved become must or Machtunterschiede the Procedure verzerren. The Order should together clarified become: Who takes teil? Which Confidentiality applies? How becomes the Result legal realised?
Exkurs: Mediation and Einigungsstelle – Differences and Verknüpfungen
Mediation and Arbitration board ähneln itself, differentiate itself but in the Core: Mediators decide not, Einigungsstellenleiter can verbindliche Sayings fällen. Mediation is none Alternative to the Arbitration board, but one Supplement.
Three Verknüpfungen:
1. Mediation vorgeschaltet zur Arbitration board: A begrenztes Time window for autonomous Solutions, before the Arbitration board decides.
2. Mediative Verhandlungsführung in the Arbitration board: Elements like Interessenklärung can the Einigungswahrscheinlichkeit erhöhen.
3. Kombinierte Procedure: First Mediation, then Arbitration board - with clearer Separation the Rollers.
One Einigung from the Mediation becomes first through the suitable Rechtsform - about one Betriebsvereinbarung - binding.
Conclusion: Konfliktfähigkeit instead of Neutralität und Konsens
Mediation makes the Works Council not unpolitisch. You extended the Repertoire, Conflicts to clarify, Negotiations to strukturieren and Arbeitsbeziehungen to receive. Mediation expertise is for Works councils valuable - in the Beschwerdegespräch, in Sitzungen, with the Mediation between Beschäftigten and in Negotiations with the Employer. To the formalen Mediation becomes this Act however only, when Neutrality, Voluntariness and legal Requirements Fulfilled are. Where the not possible is, needs it external Third party.
The decisive Question lautet not: Mediation or Works council work? But: Which Shape the Conflict management fits - and which Role can the Works Council credible take over?
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